Florida showing toll of warming, scientists say

By CATHY ZOLLO

cathy.zollo@heraldtribune.com

TAMPA -- Fishermen first noticed the change near Cedar Key, a quiet community on the Gulf of Mexico north of Tampa , surrounded by bays and marshes and known for its primitive beauty.

Cabbage palms along the coast, ones they had used for years for navigation, were gone. Dying off as well were the cedar trees for which the island is named.

Researchers who studied the trees came to alarming conclusions: A rise in sea level that is accelerating with global warming is taking out Florida 's coastal forests.

The oceans have been rising for 17,000 years, creeping up the state's beaches at the rate of roughly 0.6 millimeters a year. But since the Industrial Revolution, that rate has accelerated, and since 1993 it has reached about 3 millimeters a year, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

That does not sound like much. But with Florida 's low topography, a few millimeters can bring the sea a considerable distance inland, poisoning trees with salt water, said Jack Putz, a professor of botany at the University of Florida .

"When you go along the Gulf Coast of Florida, it's not hard to find areas of dead trees," Putz said. "What we are seeing is a pretty rapid transition from forests to salt marshes."

It is one among many clues that a changing climate will have a powerful effect on Florida , the subject this week of the state's first conference on global warming. Recommendations from the conference will help state leaders form policies to deal with the impact of climate change and take steps to lessen it.

In the case of retreating forests, the state should limit development in threatened areas, allowing wooded areas to move inward to provide a continued buffer against the sea, he said.

"We need to think about upland extensions of our parks to allow for the migration of these upland communities," Putz said.

Otherwise, Cedar Key might have to change its name.

"(Cedar trees) will retreat inland," Putz said. "They won't be on Cedar Key.

Another sign that global warming is already being felt is found in the state's 7,800 lakes.

Scientists using lake temperatures in 50 of the largest lakes, not including Lake Okeechobee, to gauge climate change in Florida found that those temperatures are rising.

The warming has been most pronounced since 1975: Since then, the average temperature in the lakes has climbed about one degree.

The temperature shift means the lakes have less time for the important process of mixing that comes each winter. Mixing enhances the lakes' oxygen levels and helps support plants and fish.

When a lake is very warm in the summer, the water stratifies, like layers of a cake. Without mixing with water at the surface, little oxygen reaches the bottom.

Most affected will be lakes in Central and northern Florida .

"North Florida lakes are just as warm as South Florida lakes in summer," said Danny Coenen, a researcher from the University of Florida . "The big change comes in winter."

That is when those lakes have had months to mix as the air temperature cools surface waters and surface water sinks.

The evidence of climate change in Florida seems slight, but researchers said as it continues to pile up, even an apathetic public will find it difficult to ignore.

"Global change is not just a problem for people in Bangladesh and the islands of the Pacific," Putz said. "It's something we need to think about here."

Last modified: May 11. 2007 4:22AM

110-degree summers in city's future?

City Lights Turn Off Fireflies' Love Lives

Published: May 11, 2007

TAMPA - The light on your front porch could be affecting the future of fireflies.

More lights illuminating streets, garages, gardens and other outdoor areas could be one reason there seem to be far fewer fireflies than in the past, said Marc Branham, professor of entomology with the University of Florida.

Too much light disrupts fireflies, which use their nocturnal flashes and glows to find mates.

Branham, who has studied lightning bugs for 15 years, said scientists can't put hard numbers on the apparent reduction of fireflies in Florida because no one established how many were around 10 or 20 years ago.

"But folks all have the same story. They don't see as many as they used to," Branham said. "There are probably other factors, too, like more chemicals people put on their yards."

Some of Florida 's 200 species of fireflies are becoming so hard to find they may vanish in a decade or so, he said.

Branham's research shows that outdoor lights affect firefly mating.

Male fireflies hover above grass or brush and flash to convince the females on the ground they are suitable mating material. If the female is impressed, she flashes her own light directly at the male that caught her fancy.

Females of many species seem to prefer males that flash the brightest and fastest.

Branham set up a light equivalent to a porch light in areas where male fireflies gathered and used tiny lights on the ground to mimic the response of females, repeating the test with the light off.

"What we found was the males stayed away from the light source and had a harder time seeing the females flash back," he said.

Not only do outdoor lights make the males shy away, but the artificial light also disrupts their ability to tell when to search for a mate.

Various species emerge to mate at different times, judging when to fly by how light it is. Some come out for perhaps an hour after dusk, then another species takes flight.

"They take their cue from how dark it is. With light pollution, fireflies don't know when to start flying," Branham said.

In yards with outdoor lights, males tend to keep to the darker areas, restricting where they can find mates.

"One of the worst lights is a bare bulb stuck in a socket. It throws light everywhere," Branham said.

People can help by using outdoor lights that illuminate specific areas and not broadcast light over large spaces. At the very least, they should turn off outdoor lights when they go to bed, Branham said.

It's difficult to tell how the loss of fireflies would affect the environment. The insects, members of the beetle family, feed on things such as slugs and snails.

"I don't think we know the exact answer to what the loss of fireflies will mean," Branham said.

Reporter Neil Johnson can be reached at (352) 544-5214 or njohnson @tampatrib.com.

Big changes facing lifetime grove man

Citrus farmer John Floyd has overcome many setbacks, so he's not worried about new rules.

By ERIN SULLIVAN
Published May 11, 2007

DADE CITY - Everything could be taken from him, all John Floyd has worked for since he can remember.

Things are already changing so much, what with the new state laws trying to prevent disease from taking hold of the citrus industry - second to only tourism in Florida in terms of power. All his life, Floyd has worked groves outside. Now, all nurseries have to grow their trees indoors. There's a hill on Floyd's grove where he and his wife were going to build their dream home. Instead, by the end of the year, the view they would have had from their front porch is not going to be of trees, but of huge, long, white greenhouses.

But it's okay, Floyd says. Everything will be fine.

And he's sincere. His eyes crinkle up at the corners as he smiles in that soothing, somewhat shy way he does. He said growing in the greenhouses will be different, but that's what has to be done to keep the citrus safe.

John Floyd was born with the hunger for success, the flint-edged desire only the dirt poor know; the gnawing kind that whips fire at your heels. This hunger has made millionaires and presidents. It's also driven men mad, this need that never seems filled and this fear that they'll end up where they began.

Floyd grew up one of six kids in a two-bedroom house on the west side of Dade City . His dad was a kind man, a fruit picker and World War II veteran who showed Floyd the meaning and merit of hard work. At 4 years old, Floyd was out picking fruit with him. But Floyd's dad was an alcoholic. The beer and whiskey killed him young, when Floyd was only 17. Floyd's mother, who married at 16 and never learned to read, did the best she could with what she had, which was not much at all.

Though Floyd knew he didn't want the life he was born into, he had a good childhood - they had food, a roof over their heads, shoes even if they had holes. When he wasn't working odd jobs, Floyd spent his time outdoors: fishing, hunting, roaming. He hung out at the city auction and bought and sold things for extra money. He often bought new furniture for the house well, new for them, but used. He never knew if his parents noticed or appreciated it. Maybe one old couch looks the same as another.

Hitchhiking nets a job

Floyd liked to hitchhike around town, no particular place to go, just out. One day, when he was 12, a citrus farmer picked him up and changed his life. This man asked Floyd if he wanted a job.

Buddy Triplett did bud work - which is grafting citrus trees. Floyd took to the work easily. He loved it, being out in the sun, knife in hand, the focus and rhythm of the work sweeping his mind clean of everything else clogging it. Floyd could make $300 a day doing bud work. He also learned about citrus harvesting and everything else he could about the business.

He was never into school - that wasn't going to be his path to success. He was making so much money in citrus farming that he dropped out and proposed to his girlfriend, Sabrina, who also dropped out of school. They lived in a 10- by 50-foot trailer. They had a daughter and then a son. Floyd worked sunup to sundown, trying to make his fortune.

He devoured self-help books like How to Win Friends and Influence People, Think and Grow Rich and The Magic of Thinking Big. He bartered citrus trees for a patch of land so he could start a citrus tree nursery on the outskirts of Dade City , 55 acres off a quiet dirt road, brushing up against the thick cypress and pines of the Green Swamp in Pasco County . Floyd used his self-help book skills to talk people into lending him money, since the bank wouldn't.

So this was how Floyd & Associates Inc. was born - which Floyd started with his brother, Chester , who later opted out of his half of the business.

But at the same time Floyd was so desperate to carve out a good life for himself and his family, he also was tearing it down with whiskey and drugs. Floyd was in his 20s. And he was wild. Something had to give - he couldn't keep on going like this forever.

The path that killed his father could easily kill him.

Avoiding dad's path

While trying to find good role models, he met some other businessmen who became his mentors. Many of them were religious and Floyd started reading the Bible.

Something in him just clicked.

He gave it up - all of it, the drink and the drugs and the late nights.

"I don't think I'd be alive today if I hadn't, " Floyd said. "I was on a train going really fast."

The gnawing void that sometimes never gets filled in some men, no matter how many things they have, felt full in him. He still wanted success, sure. Who doesn't? But he let go of the worries he couldn't control - the ones that can drive farmers to early graves: cold snaps, freezes, droughts, parasites, disease. He believed what the Bible told him, that God had a plan for him, a purpose, and if he kept his faith, things would always work out for the best. He felt secure and loved.

A business success

Floyd still worked hard, up at dawn, out on the grove. He built his nursery into one of the largest in Florida , shipping more than 400, 000 trees out to citrus farms each year. He branched out into niche markets - designing a fruit cocktail tree that blooms (on the same tree) lemons and limes and oranges year-round. He and Sabrina built a 3, 000-square-foot home with a pool, then downsized to the one they have now (a 2, 000-square-foot one, also with a pool).

Floyd is 48 now. He said he's not a millionaire. But he's comfortable. He wears old jeans and work boots and baseball hats and still, even though he's the boss, looks like he feels more at home outdoors than he does in his office. He and Sabrina just celebrated their 30th wedding anniversary - beating the odds that were against them, marrying so young.

He keeps posters of nature - of flowers and mountains and streams - on the far wall from his desk. Looking at them helps when worries creep in. He says they remind him of God, of how he created all things and has a plan for all things, including him, a dirt-poor cracker boy desperate for material wealth but who, in the end, got much more.

Erin Sullivan can be reached at esullivan@sptimes.com or (813) 909-4609.

Drought Forces State To Tighten Taps

Published: May 11, 2007

WEST PALM BEACH - South Florida residents and golf courses were placed under the region's most severe water restrictions on record Thursday, as officials try to cut use by up to 45 percent to offset unprecedented drought conditions.

"The seriousness of this drought and the public's role in cutting back cannot be overstated," said Carol Wehle, executive director of the South Florida Water Management District.

The new rules mean outside watering will be cut to once a week in Broward and Palm Beach counties. Residents in Martin and St. Lucie counties will be allowed to water outside plants and lawns only twice a week.

Pumping from four coastal wells in Lantana, Lake Worth , Hallandale and Dania Beach will be cut back or eliminated as officials try to stave off saltwater intrusion that could taint the fresh-water sources. More than 90 other wells are also in jeopardy and are being monitored.

"If we don't shut them down and the salt gets in the wells, they won't recover for decades," district spokeswoman Julie Huber said.

New development in South Florida must find alternative water sources such as reuse or desalinization as cities and counties are forced to use only currently allotted supplies, Wehle said.

"We are not allowing any increase to the amount of water that is being withdrawn," she said.

The drought is also hitting the agriculture industry, which was forced to curtail use by 50 percent last month. It is digging into tourism dollars as many inland waterways dry up, removing boating and fishing opportunities.

U.S. Sugar Corp., the nation's largest cane-sugar producer, is feeling the pinch as a new crop is getting started on 160,000 acres in Florida . Harvest season ended last month.

"If the rainy season doesn't begin in the near future, we'll certainly start seeing some dramatic impacts on the crops," company spokeswoman Judy Sanchez said.

During a 2001 drought, U.S. Sugar lost about 30 percent of the sugar content in its cane. The sugar industry as a whole lost $100 million in Florida , Sanchez said.

"And this drought is worse at this stage than we were in 2001," she said.

Karen Nenno, manager at Meyer's Turf & Landscape Nursery in West Palm Beach , estimates her business has lost up to 20 percent of its customers. "It's been real slow," she said.

The new rules come less than a month after the water district instituted strict restrictions aimed at cutting residential use by up to 30 percent. The agency now says those rules weren't enough and another 15 percentage point reduction is needed.

Golf courses in the affected counties will have to cut water use 45 percent and continue reporting weekly usage levels to the district.

The rules mean residents could face fines of $25 to $500 a day if they don't comply. District officials will use helicopters to monitor large-scale users such as farms, which could be fined up to $10,000 a day for noncompliance.

Last month, the district fined 81 golf courses $500 each for failing to report how many gallons they were using. Most cities and counties have now also begun fining violators instead of issuing warnings.

The state has been plagued with some of the worst drought conditions on record. Lake Okeechobee, a backup drinking-water source for millions in South Florida and the lifeblood of the Everglades , is nearing a record low. And although summer months typically bring steady storms, officials say even average rainfall won't break the drought.

It has also left the state's swamps and forests vulnerable to wildfires. Gov. Charlie Crist said there were 228 fires burning 80,000 acres, or 125 square miles, on Thursday in Florida .

Testing The Waters

By CHRISTIAN M. WADE The Tampa Tribune

Published: May 11, 2007

NEW PORT RICHEY - Hundreds of millions of gallons of drinking water is drawn from wellfields across the state every day - not only to quench the thirst of a growing population, but also to nourish lawns and gardens.

Though most municipalities limit irrigation to one day a week, Floridians on average still use more water on their yards than they consume.

It's something this west Pasco County city wants to change.

New Port Richey officials are preparing to expand the city's nascent reclaimed water system as part of a long-term conservation effort.

The ambitious venture will begin with an estimated $2.2 million project that will offer reclaimed water to the city's North River neighborhood.

Eventually they hope to hook up the entire city to the system.

Reclaimed water is treated wastewater from sewage treatment plants used for agricultural purposes such as lawn irrigation.

The project's cost will be split between the city and the Southwest Florida Water Management District, which has pledged a matching grant. The city will pay half through its stormwater reserve fund.

City Manager Scott Miller said the city is expected to receive the bulk of the grant - or $700,000 - this year and the rest in coming years.

Users will be charged a flat rate of $10 a month for unlimited water.

"That's a deal," he said. "I'd like to make it available to everyone."

City planners say they chose the North River neighborhood because residents had expressed strong interest in participating in a reclaimed water project as part of a long-term redevelopment plan for the area.

Miller said it's a matter of getting a return on the city's investment

"We want at least 50 percent of the people to commit to doing it," he said. "If we don't get that, the system is not going to pay for itself."

It's also an issue of higher consumption levels in the neighborhood.

There are 483 households in North River , and residents use more than 109,000 gallons of water a day on their lawns, according to figures submitted for the grant proposal to Swiftmud, a common name for the water district.

The project would provide more than 217,000 gallons of reclaimed water a day to the neighborhood, city officials have estimated.

Waste Not, Want This?

For several years, the city quietly has been tying new customers into the reclaimed system, targeting areas where the demand is strong.

Hundreds of residents in the Jasmine Hills and Woodridge Estates subdivisions and east Grand Boulevard now use reclaimed water.

Most of the city's public parks, downtown streetscaping and median flower and tree displays are irrigated weekly with reclaimed water.

It also is provided to several public schools in the city and to Magnolia Valley Golf Course.

City officials laud the results of these pilot projects, saying the neighborhoods served boast some of the finest lawns in the city.

"It's been very successful," Miller said. "All the lawns are green."

A mix of Swiftmud grants and local funding has fueled the expansion.

"We'd like to provide it in every area where people are going to use it," said Tom O'Neill, the city's public works director. "But we need to get the commitments from these areas or we don't get the state funding."

The Call To Conserve

New Port Richey buys more than 85 percent of its drinking water from Tampa Bay Water, and city officials say they have an ample supply.

Still, as in many other municipalities, officials here are concerned about the state's growing level of consumption, which has strained reserves.

The city council recently reduced lawn watering to one day a week.

"With the amount of people coming to Florida , we're eventually going to run out," Miller said. "We're wasting a very important resource."

Regionally, Tampa Bay Water managers envision replacing drinking water with reclaimed water for irrigation by 2025.

In the past 20 years, Swiftmud planners partially have funded at least 275 reclaimed water projects in the district, which spans 17 counties along the west coast of Florida , from Levy to Charlotte .

That translates into more than 200 million gallons a day.

"Our ultimate goal is to supply an alternative water source so people aren't using high-quality groundwater on their lawns," said Anthony Andrade, a senior reclaimed water project manager for Swiftmud.

Statewide, less than 1 percent of the drinking water from regional wellfields and reservoirs is consumed by Floridians. Most of it is used for lawns, crop irrigation and other commercial uses.

Initially It Was Free

Several reclaimed water projects are in the works across the county.

Since 1990, Pasco has used wastewater for irrigation. The county now serves 10,000 customers, pumping about 11 million gallons of reclaimed water in 2005, officials said.

The demand is strong. Every drop of the nearly 20 million gallons produced daily typically is used, county officials say. It takes about six households to make enough reclaimed water for one household.

In the beginning, county officials were giving away the recycled water, agreeing to free long-term contracts with some bulk commercial customers. Now such customers have meters and pay based on the amount they use.

"When we started doing this, we had to literally beg people to take reclaimed water," said Bruce Kennedy, Pasco 's assistant administrator for utilities. "Now we don't have enough to go around."

The county is building a reservoir for reclaimed water on 35 acres next to its wastewater treatment plant on Parkway Boulevard, which will conserve more than 300,000 gallons a day of drinkable water.

Swiftmud and the county will split the $3.8 million price.

In Timber Greens, a $500,000 project will give about 300 residents access to reclaimed water. The project includes creating a storage pond to hold up to 500,000 gallons of reclaimed water and a pump station capable of putting out 1 million gallons a day.

Zephyrhills supplies several neighborhoods and schools with reclaimed water. Dade City has several projects under way but only provides reclaimed water to a handful of farms.

AT A GLANCE

Here are a few facts and figures pertaining to the Southwest Florida Water Management District, which spans 17 counties, from Levy to Charlotte , including Pasco :

•More than 45 percent of wastewater is reused.

•Six power plants use reclaimed water as cooling water.

•More than 160 golf courses irrigate with reclaimed water.

•Almost 9,000 acres of crops, mostly citrus, are irrigated with reclaimed water.

•More than 78,000 residential customers irrigate with reclaimed water.

Information from Swiftmud. Figures are from 2005, the most recent available.

Reporter Christian M. Wade can be reached at (727) 815-1082 or cwade@tampatrib.com.

City avoids showdown over development plan

The proposal would have displaced thousands of people.

By ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published May 11, 2007

RIVIERA BEACH - Two national advocacy groups Thursday dropped lawsuits aimed at stopping one of the nation's largest eminent domain projects after this downtrodden city said it would not force residents from their homes.

The move comes one year after Florida enacted a law that prohibits the use of eminent domain for private development.

"The fact that Riviera Beach has backed down and decided not to use eminent domain is the first real evidence that the new state law has teeth, " said Steven Geoffrey Gieseler, an attorney with the Pacific Legal Foundation, which sued the city on behalf of residents fighting to stay in their homes.

The Arlington , Va. , Institute for Justice also dropped its lawsuit against the city on behalf of residents.

"Our clients' right to keep their homes and businesses has been vindicated, " said Bert Gall, a senior attorney with the group.

Even after the state law was enacted, then-Mayor Michael Brown vowed to fight it in court and proceed with the $2.4-billion redevelopment project that could have displaced several thousand people.

Brown heralded the project as a way to revamp one of Palm Beach County 's poorest cities with a new marina district, high-end condominiums, houses, shops, offices and yacht slips. But he was ousted from office in March, and a new City Council and mayor pledged to abide by state law.

Governments have historically used eminent domain to forcibly buy property to build public facilities like schools or roads. But after a 2005 Supreme Court ruling that gave local governments the right to seize properties for private development to increase tax bases, cities across the country began projects much like Riviera Beach 's plan.

In response, more than 30 states, including Florida , passed laws restricting such eminent domain seizures.

Floyd Johnson, executive director of Riviera Beach 's redevelopment agency, said Thursday the entire project would likely be scaled back and that no residents would be forced from their homes.

Meanwhile, the developers of the project, Viking Inlet Harbor Properties, a joint venture between Viking Yacht Co. and resort-development firm Portfolio Group, have already spent more than $50 million acquiring property in the redevelopment zone.

It was not immediately clear how the company would proceed.

'Big box' ordinance being tackled

By MICHAEL D. BATES
mbates@hernandotoday.com


SPRING HILL — Fresh from their victory against Wal-Mart, the grass roots committee that helped defeat the retail behemoth plans to regroup and take on its newest mission: Revamp Hernando County’s “big box” ordinance.

“It needs updating,” said Fred Maier, co-chairman of the United Communities Save our Neighborhood. “It needs to be more specific as to where (stores) can go.”

And Maier already has one avid supporter: County Commissioner Chris Kingsley, who agrees with the idea and has offered to help tighten up the ordinance’s language.

Adopted in 2001, the county’s big box ordinance revised the landscaping and exterior design standards for stores 25,000 square feet or larger to make them more esthetically attractive and to attempt to make them more compatible with the surrounding neighborhood.

The 20-member committee, Save Our Neighborhoods, formed shortly after Wal-Mart announced plans for a 185,000-square-foot supercenter on the east side of Barclay Avenue , between Suncoast Villa Apartments and the Publix-anchored Barclay Square .

The committee was made up of people from local homeowners’ associations, including Silverthorn, Pristine Place , The Oaks and Sterling Hill. Its focus was to block the development of a Wal-Mart or any other big box store near their Barclay Avenue homes.

They achieved success Wednesday when county commissioners voted 5-0 to deny Wal-Mart’s request.

Through the process, committee members spent hours poring through complicated zoning ordinances, documents and learning much about the development process.

They believe the big box ordinance, while important, is in drastic need of updating because there are too many holes in it for retailers to squeeze through, Maier said.

“Our idea is (to) put some teeth into it,” Maier said.

To that end, the committee will take a month off, trim membership down to a more manageable half dozen core members and rename itself to reflect its new scope.

Maier, who hasn’t decided whether he will remain a member, said the idea is to work with the county planning department and other government staffers to draft a document that will prevent others in the county from having to go through what they did with Wal-Mart.

Already, members have bandied about suggested revisions.

Maier said one idea is to establish set distances between stores to prevent an overkill of chain stores in the county.

For example, if the radius is five miles, Wal-Mart could not build another supercenter within five miles of the other supercenter.

Another idea is to set clearer standards preventing large retailers from locating so close to schools or residential communities, Maier said.

“We have the backing and support of the people in the county, Maier said.

With the help of the county staff and possibly the school district, the committee will work on a finished product to present to county commissioners.

Kingsley, a staunch supporter of the big box ordinance in 2001, said he lauds the committee’s new focus and welcomes the opportunity of working with them in making revisions.

Kingsley said Wal-Mart’s attempts at locating to Barclay Avenue revealed glaring deficiencies in the ordinance, especially in terms of compatibility of retail establishments in residentially zoned areas.

Just because a property is zoned commercial does not give retailers an inherent right to build there, he said.

“There needs to be a much stronger section on compatibility,” Kingsley said.

While stores greater than 25,000 square feet fall into the big box category, Chief Planner Jerry Greif said the ordinance imposes even stricter design standards on stores greater than 65,000 square feet.

Stores such as Lowe’s, Home Depot, Target and Wal-Mart, whose facilities are well over 100,000 square feet, must go through a planned development process to address more site concerns.

Hernando County incorporated bits and pieces of other counties’ big box ordinances in drafting its own in 2001. An engineering firm representing Wal-Mart and other large retailers also made suggestions for language inclusion, Greif said.

Part of the reason for creating the ordinance was to address a big retailer headed to Osowaw Boulevard and U.S. 19 — a retailer that also happened to be Wal-Mart.

That Wal-Mart was the first large retailer in Hernando County to conform to the stricter standards.

Reporter Michael D. Bates can be contacted at 352-544-5290.

Sinkhole drains Lake Jackson
By Bruce Ritchie
DEMOCRAT STAFF WRITER

Lack of rain apparently caused Lake Jackson to be sucked into Porter Sink off Faulk Drive early Thursday.

There wasn't the drama of 1999 when residents watched the spectacle of water and huge fish being sucked underground.

The lake flowed down the sinkhole overnight Thursday, said Michael Hill, a state fisheries biologist. Several large pools of water remain, including one over another sinkhole at the U.S. Highway 27 boat ramp.

"There probably weren't big fish" sucked down, Hill said. "The lake has been so shallow for so long the fish probably migrated to the remaining pools."

The lake has remained low since 1999. The lake has gone dry at least 10 times since 1837.

Hill said the region has been in a serious rainfall deficit for the past 10 years. But he said that's a "blink of an eye" in geologic history.

"That's all we're waiting on is rain," he said.

Someone also apparently has been dumping concrete blocks and a tarp into Porter Hole in an attempt to clog the sinkhole, Hill said.

He said filling the sinkhole requires a state permit.

Drought keeping manatees out of Ichetucknee River
By Rachael Anne Ryals

Herald Staff Writer

 

THREE RIVERS ESTATES -- The Santa Fe River is filling up with swimmers, tubers and boaters enjoying the warm weather, but right below the water’s surface there is another group playing in the river as well.

Manatees, an endangered species, are on the move in the Santa Fe River , and concerned residents want the public to know to watch out for these gentle giants as boaters travel the river.

A recent drought has caused the water level in the river to be lower than normal, which is affecting a limerock ridge that manatees usually swim over from the Santa Fe River into the Ichetucknee River, said Jim Stevenson, chairman of the Ichetucknee Springs Basin Working Group, a group dedicated to protecting the waters flowing to the Ichetucknee.

The low level of the Santa Fe River is preventing the manatees from having a high enough water depth to swim over the limerock ledge, Stevenson said.

This is a great threat to the manatees because the waters in the Ichetucknee have a greater food supply of vegetation and are also safer because of boating restrictions in the state park portion of the Ichetucknee River , he said.

“Motor boaters in the Santa Fe need to operate under great caution and be on the lookout for manatees,” he said.

Debbie McClelland and her husband were helping to clean up the Santa Fe River when they spotted 13 manatees in the river on April 21 and nine manatees the next day, more than they had ever seen in their 27 years living near the river.

“It looked like they were playing, going up the river and back down again,” she said.

McClelland said the manatees were bumping noses, eating grass near the bank and splashing around.

The manatees stayed in the same area for more than an hour, she said. At one point, a pontoon boat had to turn around because the manatees were blocking the river.

While the number of manatees that McClelland spotted was a large number, it is not unusual for this time of year, said Karen Parker, public information coordinator for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

“It is getting warmer, and the manatees are on the move,” Parker said.

The number of manatees on the Santa Fe River differs each year depending on the water level and the amount of food in the river, Parker said.

The biggest risks to manatees, according to the FWC, are watercraft collisions, loss of warm weather habitat caused by the closing of power plants and reduction in natural spring flows.

Parker said boaters and personal watercraft riders should be on the watch for manatees and abide by posted speed limits.

Approximately 25 to 30 percent of manatee deaths are caused by watercraft injuries, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC).

McClelland said she wants the public to watch out for manatees on the river.

“We would like to see people be more careful and show the manatees respect, especially because they are an endangered species,” McClelland said.

 Lakes are shrinking from lack of rainfall

Some boaters are having trouble navigating in the county's waterways, but the fishing is good.

Daphne Sashin and Mark Pino
Sentinel Staff Writers

May 10, 2007

KISSIMMEE -- The persistent lack of rainfall has shrunk Osceola lakes so low that some boats are having trouble navigating, and regional water managers continue to keep water from flowing to the Kissimmee River.

On the flip side, the low water levels have helped produce good conditions for bass fishing throughout the Kissimmee Chain of Lakes, some anglers say.

Early this week, the lakes were as much as 1.1 feet below average for this time of year.

Because of the continuing dry conditions -- 2006 was a record dry year for the Kissimmee waterways -- the South Florida Water Management District hasn't released any water from Lake Kissimmee to the Kissimmee River since November.

Particularly in the warmer months, the river relies on that flow to maintain the levels of dissolved oxygen that fish and wildlife need to survive, said district spokesman Bill Graf.

Usually at this time of year, the district would be releasing between 300 and 500 cubic feet per second from Lake Kissimmee into the river.

District workers are out on the river regularly to pull samples and make sure oxygen doesn't plummet to dangerous levels, Graf said.

"It's a tightrope walk," Graf said. "You're trying to maintain water levels in the Upper Chain of Lakes while at the same time maintaining the environmental integrity of a very important river restoration, in the Kissimmee ."

Next month, however, the district will begin releasing water from the lakes to prepare for the rainy season.

Bill Teat, who owns an airboat and lives on East Lake Tohopekaliga, said water levels are fine there and in Lake Toho . But in lakes Kissimmee , Cypress and Hatchineha, the low levels have deterred access for some boats that can't navigate the dry patches.

"All three are down in areas where airboats normally travel. A lot of the lower-power airboats can't go there anymore," Teat said.

Teat added: "A lot of the picnic areas and stuff in some of the lakes are way back, and some of the boats can't access them. You can have a concentration of boats in a smaller area because you can't go back in shallower areas."

In order not to tear up their engines, boaters with outboards might avoid some shallow areas, Teat said.

Mark Detweiler, owner of Big Toho Marina in Kissimmee , said the lake level is about normal for the summer.

"There are no issues on this lake," he said. "It is still fishable. The whole chain is fishable."

Detweiler said boaters have to be careful navigating between Lake Tohopekaliga and Lake Cypress because the canal that links them needs to be cleaned out.

Although levels may be low in Lake Kissimmee , Detweiler noted there was a fishing tournament there at Camp Mack last weekend, and there was plenty of water to navigate.

The low water levels, combined with hydrilla growth and warm temperatures, have made ideal conditions for bass fishing, Detweiler said. Toho is a premier lake for bass anglers, and the fish will hide along the vegetation line or in deeper parts of the lake when water levels drop.

Daphne Sashin can be reached at dsashin@orlandosentinel.comor 407-931-5944. Mark Pino can be reached at mpino@orlandosentinel.comor 407-931-5935.

 Group to sue over lack of coral protections

Palm Beach Post Staff Writer

Friday, May 11, 2007

A San Francisco-based environmental group has filed notice of intent to sue the federal government because it has not met requirements to protect two threatened species of coral.

The Center for Biological Diversity led the charge to have elkhorn and staghorn corals listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act last year.

 

The listing gives the government a year to establish rules protecting critical habitats for the species, the deadline for which passed Wednesday. The center filed a 60-day letter of intent to sue Thursday.

Palm Beach County is the northernmost home to staghorn coral, which marine scientists have said is threatened by ocean discharges of partly treated sewage.

 Another water panelist leaving

Friday, May 11, 2007

Another board member is departing the South Florida Water Management District, giving Gov. Charlie Crist a chance to appoint a majority of the panel that controls the powerful agency.

Lennart Lindahl, an engineering consultant from Tequesta, announced Thursday that he is resigning today because of health problems. He had open-heart surgery in 2004 and suffered "sudden cardiac failure" last fall, prompting his family and doctors to urge him to scale back his activities, he wrote to the governor this week. "It's not what I want to do, but it's what I must do," Lindahl, 63, said Thursday at the end of a board meeting near West Palm Beach .

Then-Gov. Jeb Bush named Lindahl in March 2001, and he was due to leave in 2009. He held an at-large seat representing St. Lucie, Martin, Palm Beach , Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties.

For six years, the nine-member board was entirely Bush-appointed. But Crist has replaced three in the past month, and Chairman Kevin McCarty of Delray Beach said last week that he is not seeking a new term.

The agency oversees all or part of 16 counties, boasts a $1.4 billion budget and leads Florida 's part of the $10.9 billion Everglades restoration.

The board has taken harsh criticism over the years, especially from environmentalists who accused it of backsliding on the Everglades cleanup. But Lindahl said he's proud of steps the board has taken to protect the Loxahatchee River , buy land for the restoration, expand water supplies and borrow up to $1.8 billion to speed Everglades projects.

"That's just a portion of what we did," he said. "But it's pretty incredible."

In another transition, the board unanimously elected one of Crist's appointees, Miami lawyer Eric Buermann, as its new chairman. Another Miami lawyer, Bush appointee Nicolas Gutierrez, is the new vice chairman.

Buermann is a former chief counsel for the Florida Republican Party and the state Bush-Cheney campaign. He also was general counsel for Crist's inaugural committee and the registered agent for Floridians for Truth and Integrity in Government, a group that bashed Crist rival Tom Gallagher in last year's GOP primary.

Buermann has donated more than $125,000 to GOP candidates and causes in the past decade, campaign records show.

Buermann also serves on the Miami River Commission and oversaw Crist's environmental transition team, which encouraged the governor to take on issues such as global warming.

"You might describe me as a citizen-soldier trying to do the best job I can for the people," Buermann told The Palm Beach Post in March.

The governor's office said it has not received any applications for Lindahl's seat. The position is unpaid.

Dry spell affects availability of reclaimed water <